Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1984, understood that education transcends mere facts; it is about nurturing wisdom and discovering meaning. This Teacher’s Day, we should celebrate his vision, which is more relevant than ever today.
Life, both personal and societal, often presents moments for reflection—opportunities to reconsider our actions, traditions, and beliefs. These are moments for reevaluation, enabling us to envision new paths forward. This period of “natality,” or new beginnings, requires a visionary and inclusive approach that promotes the well-being of society as a whole.
In contrast to the Western concept of modernity, Indian traditions advocate for renewal and rejuvenation, emphasizing continuity over disruption. This perspective encourages the reinvention of cultural practices and values to align with contemporary progress, facilitating the smooth advancement of individuals and communities.
In this context, philosophers play a crucial role. The term “philosophy” itself means “love of wisdom.” Wisdom has always been a pillar of Indian civilization, where it prevails where mere knowledge may fail. This article focuses on Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, a philosopher who linked education to the cultivation of wisdom. For him, the aim of education was to impart meaning to life and to awaken the ability to lead a soulful existence through wisdom.
Born on September 5, 1888, in Tiruttani (now Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh), and passing away on April 17, 1975, in Chennai, Dr. Radhakrishnan left behind a profound legacy. His wisdom has impacted countless Indians, and his academic ascent was rooted in his philosophical background, influenced by ancient Indian thinkers and modern intellectuals like Swami Vivekananda. His knowledge of Western thought allowed him to bridge different ideological divides.
Dr. Radhakrishnan’s philosophical insights complemented his administrative roles, enabling him to promote Indian culture on a global scale. As Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University and later as Ambassador to the Soviet Union, he showcased a strong commitment to India’s cultural identity.
During the Cold War, he maintained relationships with both Soviet and American leaders, becoming a respected figure in the West and a prominent interpreter of Indian philosophy and the role of Eastern thought in modern society.
In discussing religion, Dr. Radhakrishnan highlighted how Hinduism evolved in response to foreign influences, advocating for the abandonment of outdated concepts and the democratization of its institutions to eliminate bias and inequality. His influence transformed Indian education, laying the groundwork for future educational models and policies.
He believed education should be both “man-making” and “society-making,” aiming not just for factual knowledge but for the pursuit of wisdom and truth. Critics who label him a traditionalist must recognize that Dr. Radhakrishnan was a visionary ahead of his time.
In his report to the University Education Commission (1948-1949), he advocated for learning through discussion and practical engagement, stating, “No society can progress satisfactorily with the backwardness of women.” He emphasized that education should reinforce cultural foundations while introducing new ideas for both material and spiritual advancement.
His writings are remarkably aligned with the current National Education Policy (2020), showcasing the ongoing relevance of his thoughts.
In 1962, when Dr. Radhakrishnan became President of India, he suggested that students celebrate his birthday as Teachers’ Day, which is now observed on September 5 to honor the essential contributions of teachers to society.
Furthermore, Dr. Radhakrishnan’s idea of integrating Western and Eastern educational methods—especially his support for the Socratic method—reflected his belief in nurturing critical thinkers. He stressed the significance of empowering students to understand their country’s essence to uplift society.
Dr. Radhakrishnan’s educational philosophy is precisely what India needs today, and its resonance with the National Education Policy highlights its lasting importance. His receipt of the Bharat Ratna is a testament to his immeasurable contributions to Indian culture and education.
While some have critiqued Dr. Radhakrishnan’s views on social institutions and his interpretations of India’s spiritual heritage, his legacy as a unifier is undeniable. His writings promote unity, peace, democracy, and accessible learning for all, and it is heartening that India continues to celebrate his birthday as Teachers’ Day each year.